Fig. 5

Sex-dependent gene expression patterns in 17-months old mice. Dot plot showing expression of key differentially expressed genes across the four experimental groups. Dot size indicates percentage of cells expressing each gene; color intensity represents average expression level (red = high, blue = low). Selected genes include female-specific (Hsp90aa1), male-specific (Scd2, Trf, Zc3h13), and sex-dimorphic (Cst3, Mbp, Apod) DEGs