Table 2 Descriptive characteristics and prevalence of neuropathologies across decadal age groups at death
50–59 Years (N = 202) | 60–69 Years (N = 842) | 70–79 Years (N = 1399) | 80–89 Years (N = 2043) | 90 + Years (N = 1357) | Overall (N = 5843) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
APOE ε4, n (%) | 88 (43.6) | 397 (47.1) | 772 (55.2) | 1020 (49.9) | 424 (31.2) | < 0.001 | 2701 (46.2) |
APOE Haplotype, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
ε3/ε3 | 114 (56.4) | 445 (52.9) | 627 (44.8) | 1023 (50.1) | 933 (68.8) | 3142 (53.8) | |
ε3/ε4 | 76 (37.6) | 293 (34.8) | 569 (40.7) | 840 (41.1) | 385 (28.4) | 2163 (37.0) | |
ε4/ε4 | 12 (5.9) | 104 (12.4) | 203 (14.5) | 180 (8.8) | 39 (2.9) | 538 (9.2) | |
Demographic Characteristics | |||||||
Age at Death (years) Mean (SD) | 56.0 (2.5) | 65.1 (2.8) | 74.9 (2.8) | 84.7 (2.8) | 94.0 (3.6) | < 0.001 | 80.7 (10.9) |
Years of Education Mean (SD) | 15.0 (2.7) | 15.5 (2.9) | 15.6 (3.0) | 15.5 (3.2) | 15.2 (3.3) | 0.01 | 15.4 (3.1) |
Missing, n (%) | 6 (3.0) | 13 (1.5) | 18 (1.3) | 11 (0.5) | 12 (0.9) | 60 (1.0) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.01 | ||||||
White | 193 (95.5) | 793 (94.2) | 1331 (95.1) | 1927 (94.3) | 1273 (93.8) | 5517 (94.4) | |
Black | 5 (2.5) | 25 (3.0) | 43 (3.1) | 92 (4.5) | 61 (4.5) | 226 (3.9) | |
American Indian or Alaskan Native | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | |
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 6 (0.1) | |
Asian | 3 (1.5) | 10 (1.2) | 5 (0.4) | 13 (0.6) | 13 (1.0) | 44 (0.8) | |
Other | 0 (0) | 3 (0.4) | 6 (0.4) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.4) | 19 (0.3) | |
Unknown | 1 (0.5) | 9 (1.1) | 8 (0.6) | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 23 (0.4) | |
Hispanic Ethnicity, n (%) | 7 (3.5) | 28 (3.3) | 45 (3.2) | 78 (3.8) | 46 (3.4) | 0.89 | 204 (3.5) |
Unknown Hispanic, n (%) | 1 (0.5) | 7 (0.8) | 6 (0.4) | 8 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) | 29 (0.5) | |
Male, n (%) | 119 (58.9) | 506 (60.1) | 825 (59.0) | 1108 (54.2) | 551 (40.6) | < 0.001 | 3109 (53.2) |
AD—Related Neuropathologies, n (%) | |||||||
Neuritic plaques (Sparse/Intermediate/High) | 113 (55.9) | 602 (71.5) | 1110 (79.3) | 1721 (84.2) | 1061 (78.2) | < 0.001 | 4607 (78.8) |
Missing | 3 (1.5) | 5 (0.6) | 7 (0.5) | 5 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 20 (0.3) | |
Braak staging (B1/B2/B3) | 140 (69.3) | 718 (85.3) | 1282 (91.6) | 1994 (97.6) | 1320 (97.3) | < 0.001 | 5454 (93.3) |
Missing | 11 (5.4) | 22 (2.6) | 36 (2.6) | 20 (1.0) | 16 (1.2) | 105 (1.8) | |
Diffuse plaques (Sparse/Intermediate/High) | 124 (61.4) | 635 (75.4) | 1127 (80.6) | 1677 (82.1) | 1067 (78.6) | < 0.001 | 4630 (79.2) |
Missing | 11 (5.4) | 51 (6.1) | 105 (7.5) | 189 (9.3) | 131 (9.7) | 487 (8.3) | |
Neurodegenerative Neuropathologies, n (%) | |||||||
LBD pathology (any) | 42 (20.8) | 262 (31.1) | 519 (37.1) | 691 (33.8) | 318 (23.4) | < 0.001 | 1832 (31.4) |
Missing | 13 (6.4) | 44 (5.2) | 63 (4.5) | 101 (4.9) | 41 (3.0) | 262 (4.5) | |
TDP-43 (any) | 22 (10.9) | 120 (14.3) | 245 (17.5) | 338 (16.5) | 238 (17.5) | 0.001 | 963 (16.5) |
Missing | 138 (68.3) | 531 (63.1) | 851 (60.8) | 1358 (66.5) | 896 (66.0) | 3774 (64.6) | |
Hippocampal sclerosis | 4 (2.0) | 48 (5.7) | 99 (7.1) | 195 (9.5) | 127 (9.4) | < 0.001 | 473 (8.1) |
Missing | 106 (52.5) | 364 (43.2) | 609 (43.5) | 955 (46.7) | 567 (41.8) | 2601 (44.5) | |
Vascular Neuropathologies, n (%) | |||||||
Arteriolosclerosis (Mild/Moderate/Severe) | 39 (19.3) | 255 (30.3) | 514 (36.7) | 914 (44.7) | 662 (48.8) | < 0.001 | 2384 (40.8) |
Missing | 13 (6.4) | 75 (8.9) | 139 (9.9) | 230 (11.3) | 131 (9.7) | 588 (10.1) | |
Atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis (Mild/Moderate/Severe) | 77 (38.1) | 473 (56.2) | 1032 (73.8) | 1701 (83.3) | 1216 (89.6) | < 0.001 | 4499 (77.0) |
Missing | 7 (3.5) | 16 (1.9) | 24 (1.7) | 26 (1.3) | 8 (0.6) | 81 (1.4) | |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (Mild/Moderate/Severe) | 86 (42.6) | 481 (57.1) | 865 (61.8) | 1316 (64.4) | 787 (58.0) | < 0.001 | 3535 (60.5) |
Missing | 7 (3.5) | 15 (1.8) | 37 (2.6) | 34 (1.7) | 21 (1.5) | 114 (2.0) | |
Infarcts/lacunes (present) | 7 (3.5) | 62 (7.4) | 159 (11.4) | 461 (22.6) | 351 (25.9) | < 0.001 | 1040 (17.8) |
Missing | 5 (2.5) | 15 (1.8) | 16 (1.1) | 12 (0.6) | 3 (0.2) | 51 (0.9) | |
Microinfarcts (present) | 7 (3.5) | 87 (10.3) | 208 (14.9) | 465 (22.8) | 421 (31.0) | < 0.001 | 1188 (20.3) |
Missing | 6 (3.0) | 16 (1.9) | 17 (1.2) | 8 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 49 (0.8) | |
Hemorrhages/ Microbleeds (present) | 2 (1.0) | 42 (5.0) | 79 (5.6) | 134 (6.6) | 75 (5.5) | 0.03 | 332 (5.7) |
Missing | 14 (6.9) | 56 (6.7) | 50 (3.6) | 37 (1.8) | 10 (0.7) | 167 (2.9) | |
Cognitive Status Proximate to Death, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Normal | 9 (4.5) | 21 (2.5) | 100 (7.1) | 255 (12.5) | 295 (21.7) | 680 (11.6) | |
Impaired not MCI | 0 (0) | 8 (1.0) | 12 (0.9) | 35 (1.7) | 30 (2.2) | 85 (1.5) | |
MCI | 7 (3.5) | 28 (3.3) | 51 (3.6) | 178 (8.7) | 220 (16.2) | 484 (8.3) | |
Dementia | 186 (92.1) | 785 (93.2) | 1236 (88.3) | 1575 (77.1) | 812 (59.8) | 4594 (78.6) | |