Fig. 5

Chemokine expression and immune cell infiltration in LPS-treated neonatal mice and preterm infants with sepsis. A-B. Chemokine levels in neonatal mouse plasma (A) and brain tissue (B) measured at 24 h and 72 h after 5 mg/kg LPS treatment (n = 5–10/group). Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis tests with appropriate post hoc corrections. Full results are presented in Table S4-S5. C. Normalized chemokine protein expression in plasma from preterm infant (HC vs. Sepsis), measured using the Olink proteomics platform (n = 27–29/group). D. Workflow for transcriptome analysis of immune cells using magnetic bead sorting. E. PCA plot showing the transcriptomic separation among the groups (n = 7–8/group). F-G. Immune cell infiltration analysis based on bulk RNA-seq data, using the ImmuCellAI database for preterm infants (F) and LPS-treated neonatal mice (G) (n = 7–8/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001