Table 2 Existing reports of HGAP
From: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a single-institution case series and literature review
Author (year) | Study/Patients | Surgery | Tumor Locations | Radiation(Y/N) | Radiation Dose (Gy) | Systemic Therapy | Progression-free survival | Overall Survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goethe et al. (2025) | Single institution (n = 18) | Excision (n = 9) Biopsy (n = 9) | Cerebellum (n = 7) Thalamus (n = 6) Temporal (n = 2) Brainstem (n = 2) Spinal cord (n = 1) | Y (n = 14) N (n = 3) | 60 (n = 4) 54 (n = 2) 52 (n = 1) 46 (n = 1) 40 (n = 1) 39 (n = 1) | Concurrent + adjuvant TMZ (n = 8) Concurrent TMZ (n = 3) Adjuvant TMZ (n = 2) Trametinib (n = 1) | 5.4 months | Not reached |
Cimino et al. (2023) [4] | Multi institution (n = 144) | Excision (n = 15) Biopsy (n = 14) | n = 130 Infratentorial (n = 81) Supratentorial (n = 34) Spinal cord (n = 13) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 42.3 months | 51.8 months |
Reinhardt et al. (2018) [11] | Multi institution (n = 83) | Not reported | Infratentorial (n = 61) Supratentorial (n = 14) Spinal cord (n = 6) Supra and infratentorial (n = 2) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 43.8 months | 53.0 months |
Bender et al. (2021) [2] | Single institution (n = 6) | Excision (n = 4) Biopsy (n = 2) | Brainstem (n = 3) Spinal cord (n = 2) Hemispheric (n = 1) | n = 5 Y (n = 4) N (n = 1) | n = 4 54 (n = 2) 50.4 (n = 1) 59.2 (n = 1) | Concomitant + adjuvant TMZ (n = 2) | 5.53 months | 11.8 months |
Soni et al. (2024) [14] | Dual Institution (n = 8) | Excision (n = 6) Biopsy (n = 2) | Brainstem (n = 5) Thalamic (n = 2) Cerebellum (n = 1) | Y (n = 6) | Not reported | Not reported | 14.5 months | n = 6 alive at LFU n = 2 died within 1–12 months |
Lucas et al. (2022) [7] | Single institution (n = 5) | Excision (n = 4) Biopsy (n = 1) | Brainstem (n = 2) Cerebellum (n = 2) Thalamus (n = 1) | Y (n = 4) Unknown (n = 1) | Not reported | Trametinib, everolimus (n = 1) TMZ (n = 1) TMZ + bevacizumab (n = 1) | 17.1 months | 22.6 months |
Romo et al. (2023) [12] | Multi institution (n = 4) | Excision (n = 3) Biopsy (n = 1) | Not reported | Y (n = 1) N (n = 3) | Not reported | Trametinib (n = 1) Concomitant TMZ (n = 1) | Not reported | 8.5 months |
Reinhardt et al. (2019) [10] | Multi institution (n = 25) | Not reported | Cerebellum (n = 25) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Biczok et al. (2021) [3] | Single institution (n = 4) | Biopsy (n = 4) | Spinal cord (n = 4) | Y (n = 4) | Not reported | Yes (n = 4), agents not specified | Not reported | 8 months (median) |
Alturkustani et al. (2023) [1] | Multi institution (m = 1) | Resection | Thalamic (n = 1) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 31 months | 108 months |