Fig. 5

PARP inhibition reduces GFAP level in rd2 retinas (A–E). Immunostaining for GFAP in rd2 retinas and treated with 100 nM Olaparib, 3 nM BMN-673, and 10 nM 3AB (A–D). GFAP expression was significantly decreased for 3 nM BMN-673 and 10 nM 3AB treated groups (E). PARP inhibition decreases oxidative stress (F–I). According to the GSH and GSSG levels, GSH levels were increased significantly, and GSSG levels were decreased significantly in the BMN-673-treated group compared to the untreated rd2 group (F, G). The GSH/GSSG ratio was increased significantly in retinas treated with BMN-673 (H). MDA retinal concentration did not change significantly after treatment with the PARP inhibitor BMN-673 (I). PARP inhibition improved the development of outer segment formation (J–M). Represented images of immunostaining images for Rhodopsin expression in green and DAPI in blue in rd2 retinas and treated rd2 retinas with 100 nM Olaparib and 3 nM BMN-673. Rhodopsin expression was increased in the 3 nM BMN-673 treated group (M). The images shown are representative for observations on at least three different specimens for each genotype. n ≥ 3, significance level: ns > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Unpaired t-test, ANOVA test, and Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons