Fig. 4

Analytical workflow employed in the WGCNA. (A) Workflow and Cluster Dendrogram derived from WGCNA, revealing the subdivision of genetic data into 23 distinct modules represented by unique colors. (B) Heatmap detailing the correlation patterns between these modules and various clinical and histopathological traits of the patients. (C) Boxplot compares Diagnostic PD versus psPD by each module colors. (D, H, and L) illustrate the differences in each Cohort A or Cohort B batch analyses of diagnostic data compared to modules colored in magenta, purple, and light cyan, respectively. (E, I, and M) highlight genes displaying differential methylation patterns within the magenta, purple, and light cyan modules, respectively. (F, J, and N) represent the enriched gene-gene associations and showcase the top 5 GO processes and KEGG pathways within augmented networks specific to the magenta, purple, and light cyan modules, respectively. All pathways present p-value < 0.05. Initial comparisons were screened by ANOVA and t test were used for specific groupings and significant effects are indicated by *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001