Fig. 3
From: Beyond the brain: exploring the impact of animal models of leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors
The intracarotid injection model. Cancer cells can be injected into the bloodstream of rodents via injection into a carotid artery (A). Cancer cells injected into the bloodstream must cross the blood-CSF barrier, which may be the choroid plexus, to gain access to the CSF and leptomeninges (B). Created in BioRender. Ahmed. (2025) https://BioRender.com/h09i048