Fig. 7

Suppression of delayed NETosis in the post-ischemic brain by intranasal BBCA administration (A) BBCA (50 µg/kg) was administered intranasally either once immediately following suture removal (0 h BBCA) or twice at 48 and 72 h post-MCAO (48/72 h BBCA). (B-E) Levels of CitH3 and PAD4 were examined in the brain tissue (B and C) and PMNs (D and E) at 4 d post-MCAO. (F, G) Sytox green staining was conducted with PMNs isolated at 4 d post-MCAO (F) and the amounts of free dsDNA in serum were measured using the Quant-iT PicoGreen assay kit (G). Sham, sham-operated animals (n = 4); MCAO, saline-treated MCAO control animals (n = 4); MCAO + 0 h, BBCA-administered at 0 h MCAO animals (n = 4); MCAO + 48/72 h, BBCA-administered at 48 and 72 h post-MCAO animals (n = 4). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared to sham group, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 compared to the MCAO group, and ^$p < 0.05, ^$$p < 0.01 between indicated groups