Table 1 Descriptive statistics of baseline outcomes
From: Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease
Control | PD | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | |||
Demographics | ||||||
Age (years old) | 52 | 64.1 (7.8) | 53 | 64.3 (7.6) | 0.889 | |
Sex, n (% females) | 52 | 33 (64.7) | 53 | 18 (35.3) | 0.005 ** | |
Education years | 52 | 11.6 (3.0) | 53 | 11.1 (3.5) | 0.900 | |
Hypertension (n, %) | 52 | 24 (26.3%) | 53 | 27 (30%) | 0.706 | |
Disease-related variables | ||||||
Disease duration (years) | NA | 53 | 2.5 (1.4) | NA | ||
UPDRS I | NA | 49 | 1.8 (1.6) | NA | ||
UPDRS II | NA | 49 | 7.5 (1.6) | NA | ||
UPDRS III | NA | 51 | 21.5 (11.3) | NA | ||
UPDRS IV | NA | 50 | 2.3 (2.8) | NA | ||
LEDD (mg) | NA | 53 | 395.3 (260.2) | NA | ||
H&Y stage (n, %) | 1 | 16 (30.2%) | ||||
1.5 | 2 (3.8%) | |||||
2 | 25 (47.2%) | |||||
2.5 | 2 (3.8%) | |||||
3 | 4 (7.5%) | |||||
Primary visual outcomes | ||||||
High Contrast VA (no. of letters) | 50 | 44.6 (3.6) | 52 | 43.4 (4.8) | 0.136 | |
Low Contrast VA (no. of letters) | 50 | 29.8 (6.0) | 52 | 25.0 (9.6) | 0.003 ** | |
CS (no. of letters) | 50 | 72.5 (10.6) | 52 | 66.9 (17.7) | 0.008 ** | |
CS, contrast % § | 50 | 1.04 (0.28) | 52 | 1.56 (1.18) | 0.006 ** | |
Farnsworth D-15 § | 48 | 127.0 (17.6) | 50 | 142.9 (35.7) | 0.008 * | |
Cognitive outcomes | ||||||
MoCA | 49 | 24.4 (3.0) | 51 | 23.2 (3.7) | 0.088 | |
Visual Attention ǂ | 45 | 0.16 (0.81) | 38 | -0.19 (0.89) | 0.041* | |
Visual Perception ǂ | 45 | 0.08 (0.81) | 37 | -0.07 (0.70) | 0.077 | |
Visual Executive functions ǂ | 45 | 0.18 (0.69) | 38 | -0.18 (0.84) | 0.010 * | |