Fig. 7
From: Unraveling calcium dysregulation and autoimmunity in immune mediated rippling muscle disease
Schematic illustration of pathophysiologic changes in iRMD. Left: Calcium enters the skeletal muscle cytosol through Cav1.1 and RyR1. In iRMD, antibodies bind to Cavin-4 at caveolae. IL6 expression and protein level are increased. Right: SERCA1 and PMCA, proteins involved in muscle relaxation, are increased at the protein level. PLN, an inhibitor of SERCA1, is dramatically increased in expression in iRMD skeletal muscle. This may interfere with the ability of calcium to return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, instead exiting through PMCA to the extracellular space. Blue arrows: RNA expression level. Red arrows: Protein expression level