Fig. 6

IRX4204 attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, increases expression of the cellular transport gene ABCA1, and promotes pro-repair actions of C8-B4 microglia in vitro. (A–F) IL-1β (A), TNF-α (B), iNOS (C), IL-6 (D), IL-10 (E), and ABCA1 (F), gene expression normalized relative to reference gene expression in microglial cell cultures pre-treated with IRX4204 (24 h) in normal conditions and after treatment with LPS (24 h; n = 3–6 wells). Pre-treatment with IRX4204 produced concentration-dependent attenuation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS expression in microglial cultures incubated with LPS (24 h) and increased ABCA1 expression in microglial cultures at 10 nM in normal conditions and at 1 nM following incubation with LPS. (G and H) Pre-treatment of these cultures with IRX4204 also increased phagocytic activity in normal conditions at 0.1 nM, 1 nM, and 10 nM (n = 6 wells; G) and following incubation with LPS at 1 nM and 10 nM. Pre-treatment with IRX4204 at 0.1 nM, 1 nM, and 10 nM was also sufficient to produce a concentration-dependent attenuation of nitrate release (n = 6–9 wells; H) in microglial cell cultures after incubation with LPS (ordinary one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, mean ± SEM)