Fig. 3

Retinal microglia counts between AD and controls. A Example image of an age-matched control (left) and an AD (right) retina with microglia labelled with IBA-1 (green) and CD68 (red) a transmembrane glycoprotein embedded in lysosomal membrane. B Column graphs comparing the average microglia count between the control and AD retina using manual (left) and machine learning (right). Points represent individual subject averages and error bars represent the standard error of the mean. P-values for Mann–Whitney U test are below their respective column graphs. * means p ≤ 0.05; **** means p ≤ 0.0001. (For manual data: Ctrl, n = 4 subjects; AD, n = 5 subjects) (For machine learning data: Ctrl, n = 4 subjects; AD, n = 5 subjects) (Ctrl = Control; AD = Alzheimer’s disease)