Fig. 1

Pathological changes of human glaucomatous retina and ONH. A Histological changes demonstrating decrease in peripheral retinal thickness, macular RGC loss, reduced RGC cell density, GCC thickness, ONH cupping in glaucoma. Asterisks in top and middle panels indicate thinning of the RNFL and arrows in the bottom panels demonstrate cupping. B ONH cupping or advanced cupping was often seen in glaucoma, which showed prelaminar atrophy, disrupted structures in optic nerve head and in optic nerve, and lamina cribrosa bowed posteriorly. C Scatter dot plot represents the individual temporal GCC thickness values for non-glaucomatous (n = 31) and glaucomatous (n = 21) donor tissues. GCC thickness was significantly decreased by 15% in temporal peripheral retina of glaucomatous donors. Horizontal bars indicate mean ± standard error of the mean. **p < 0.01, unpaired t-test. D GCC thickness does not decrease with age in non-glaucomatous or glaucomatous donors (R² = 0.1421, R² = 0.03301) E No statistically significant differences in GCC thickness observed comparing glaucoma and non-glaucoma donors when samples were binned by age. Data are mean ± SEM