Fig. 4

Macro- and microscopic findings of patient F1-II-1. Coronal sections show diffuse brain atrophy in the cerebrum (A). Mineralization and rarefaction of the caudate head (asterisk) and pallidum (B). Mineralization in the area (asterisk in B) (C) and capillary (D). Prominent mineralization around the capillaries (E). Mineralization (arrows) in neuron in the pallidum (F). Mineralization within the walls of the intracerebral arteries in periventricular white matter (G). In the intracerebral arteries, mineralization clusters outer side of the smooth muscle layer (H, I, J) with iron deposition (K). Staining: B-D, von Kossa; E, G-J, hematoxylin–eosin; F, Klüver–Barrera; K, Berlin blue. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 4 mm; C, 100 μm; D, F, H-J, 10 μm; E, 50 μm; G, 500 μm; K, 20 μm