Fig. 8
From: Urinary D-asparagine level is decreased by the presence of glioblastoma
Human glioblastoma cells (KGS01) utilize D-Asn for cell proliferation. KGS01 cells showed increased cell proliferation using D-Asn level-dependent manner (A). Differences in D-Asn profiles between heathy controls and patients with gliomas (B). (1) The number of DAO-positive cells in the brains of patients with glioblastomas decreased. (2) The level of D-Asn, the substrate of DAO, increased. (3) Glioma cells in the brain decrease D-Asn levels in the blood and urine. D-Asn uptake from the blood into the brain may be enhanced. 4,5. D-Asn is not reabsorbed by the kidneys and is excreted in the urine at nearly blood levels. Thus, D-Asn is a candidate biomarker reflecting the presence of gliomas in the brain. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, as analyzed with a Mann–Whitney U test. Ser: serine, Asn: asparagine